Human nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human nature - Essay Example The researcher has established the premise that human nature serves as the amalgamation of the features of goodness and evil, which overcome each other on the foundation of various resistible and irresistible circumstances, and hence lead to the development of human nature. The term human nature simply refers to the features and characteristics attributed to human perception, thought, feelings, emotions and sentiments; all of which are reflected in the actions, reactions and behavior of the individuals while entering into interaction with their social, natural and physical environment at large. Such patterns of behavior not only influence their individual life, but also leaves indelible imprints on the collective life of the members of society and culture one belongs to. Consequently, the social norms and cultural values mirror the traits and characteristics observed by human nature. Psychologists, theorists and researchers have always been interested in exploring the human nature and the foundations on which it appears to be erecting (Liebert & Spiegler 6). Some of them view human nature to be the mixture of the qualities man inherits from both of the parents, on which the individual does not maintain any control altogether; on the other hand, some of the theorists strongly declare the physical surroundings and social environment to be responsible for all the activities man is involved into. Hence, proper education and adequate training can introduce imperative alterations in human personality, where a deviant could be taught the manners of leading a law-abiding and sophisticated life. Consequently, nature-nurture debate has always been the moot point for the scholars, philosophers, intellectuals and religious leaders for centuries. While discussing Islamic perception with regards to human nature, it becomes evident that Islam lays stress upon both nature and nurture,

Judaism, Christianity and Islam: The Three Oldest Religions are Based

Religion in all aspects is based on faith and commitment. It starts with a faith that people have in something that they have not seen. I have always wondered about the faith people show for their religion. No matter what is happening they stay strong in whatever it is that they believe in. Humans have come a long way from the beginning of time when it comes to forming religions. There are so many different kinds of religions out there in this world right now. And all those religions come from some kind of faith and are based on a faith that emerged through something or someone. There are people out there in this time that are dying and killing for their faith. There are some religions that are based on the same roots but are called known as different religions because of their differences in faith. Although they have similar background and roots they are very different from each other. Judaism, Christianity and Islam for example are three religions that have similar background and a re branches of the same roots, but are very much different from each other because of the differences in their faith and belief. Faith, the word by which people base their afterlife, has become the foundation of every religion. The three religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam are one of the oldest religions of the world. They have always been known for the strong faith they hold for their religion. Although the three religions are somewhat similar to each other they have their differences and beliefs. All three started with the same creator and got split to become their own religion. All of these religions started with Abraham and they still to this date hold Abraham in high position. Even with being almost the same religion they base everything o... ... same God, that is Abraham’s God, but they differ when it comes to other things that make up their religion. The disbelief of Jews in Jesus differ them from Christians, the concept of all three religions have about the coming of Messiah also differs them from each other. Jews believe the messiah is yet to come and is coming to revive the Jews, Christians believe in the second coming of the messiah and believe that he is going to take all the believers of Christ with him, and the Muslims believe that Jesus is coming again to fight as warrior for the Muslims against the world. From doing the study on the three religions, I have learned that they all have the same concept to which it started with, but no longer are the same because their faith changed along the way. And they broke off from one to another and formed the three strongest religions in the world presently.

Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Essay

Abstract This paper explores the concept of emotional intelligence and the effects on leadership. The articles discussed in the paper analyzed the different array of qualities in emotional intelligence towards leadership. Emotional intelligence is a way of behaving and acting towards situations and people. Leadership styles must adapt to the situations and exhibit empathy at times to support the perception of caring. Through empathy leadership will exhibit thoughtfulness and caring in the eyes of the employee. Empathy is an emotion that human’s exhibit and how they exhibit the emotion in group’s settings can and will affect a leader’s perception. Men and women make up leadership in all facets of industry, but which one is better? Does it matter when all the variables are equal? Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Emotional intelligence and the influence over effective leadership styles go hand-in-hand in successfully leading individuals. In today’s growing industry the cry for effective leaders is immense, so to become an effective leader emotional intelligence must be understood. Leadership is in everyone’s life whether personal or business and to be effective a person must be diverse in an I.Q. – Intelligence sense and E.Q. – Emotional sense. To understand emotional intelligence an understanding of the emotional intelligence theories development by Daniel Goleman will be analyzed. A person must understand what competencies make a great leader, so the relationship of a great leader versus a poor leader is analyzed. Facts are considered towards leadership styles and emotional intelligence from a male and female leadership stance. Which sex is better at emotional intelligence and will that make either more effective in leadership? What is Emotional Intelligence? Many psychologists have identified emotional intelligence or versions of emotional awareness over the years (Goleman, 2012). The research began with analyzing people and their intelligence levels based on cognitive attributes (Norwack, 2012). A Brief History. According to Goleman, the earliest research began with Robert Thorndike in 1937 (Goleman, 2012). Thorndike began exploring the emotion concept of psychology and how the affects the theory social intelligence (Goleman, 2012). From Thorndike to David Wechsler delivered additional theories on emotion and how it plays in professional progress (Goleman, 2012). Wechsler named three essential elements to his theory – affective, personal, and social factors contribute to a person’s ability to succeed in life (Goleman, 2012). The next significant progress in the theory of emotional intelligence came from Howard Gardner in 1983 (Warwick & Nettelbeck, 2004). Gardner proposed a model of â€Å"multiple intelligence† (Goleman, 2012). His â€Å"multiple intelligence† model depicts seven kinds of intelligence that incorporated two personal varieties; knowing one’s inner world and social adeptness (Warwick & Nettelbeck, 2004). Gardner developed the model and Peter Salovery and John Mayer defined emotional intelligence in terms of the ability to monitor and regulate one’s own and others feelings and to use feelings to guide thought and action (Warwick & Nettelbeck, 2004). The last piece to the history segment is Daniel Goleman’s addition to the emotional intelligence psychological realm. Goleman identifies five basic emotional and social competencies (Goleman, 2012): * Self -Awareness * Self -Regulation * Motivation * Empathy * Social Skills These five competencies are analyzed to rate successful leaders further in the paper. Goleman helped develop the application of this theory to leadership styles and principles (Warwick & Nettelbeck, 2004). Competence of Emotional Intelligence in Leadership There are two types of competence models identified in performing exceptionally as an effective leader. The two competencies must be understood to gain a more precise understanding of the contribution of emotional competence has in the leadership role (Walter, Humphrey & Cole, 2012). Threshold Competencies. The first competency is the threshold competencies; this model addresses those that people need to perform the job. These are the minimal skills needed to carry out the tasks associated with given position. Most organizational competence models fit into this category (Walter, Humphrey & Cole, 2012) Distinguishing competencies. The next competency focuses on the exceptional leader. Distinguishing competencies are those that allow the effective leader to stand out from the poor leaders (Goleman, 2012). This is usually the traits of an outstanding leader who uses vision as an example to bring a company out of a slump (Walter, Humphrey & Cole, 2012). The distinguishing competencies are qualities needed to perform superbly (Walter, Humphrey & Cole, 2012). Case Study: Effective Leadership. According to Goleman, a study of emotional competence in leadership was performed at Hay/McBer in Boston by Lyle Spencer Jr. with Wei Chen (Goleman, 2012). The analysis of more than three hundred executive level leaders from 15 global companies showed that six emotional competencies were distinguished from the average (Goleman, 2012). The competencies consist of influence, team leadership, organizational awareness, self confidence, the drive to achieve and leadership (Goleman, 2012). Why are these qualities important in leadership? From a leadership standpoint Emotional Intelligence will support or determine a leader’s success (Dainton and Zelley, 2011). The Study. Warwick & Nettelbeck discussed a study completed by David McClelland of exemplarity leaders and the competencies they possessed (2004). The strengths in a wide spectrum of emotional intelligence ranged from self-awareness and motivation to social awareness and social skill. The only emotional intelligence capability not represented was self regulation, but adaptability, from this cluster, was 57% more common in the effective leaders (Warwick & Nettelbeck, 2004). Would women make better leaders? The next portion covers the effectives of empathy in leadership. Goleman addresses empathy as one of his five points of emotional intelligence. Over the years many papers have been written about women and their ability to be natural nurtures (Anonymous, 2008). Perhaps in a person’s personal life women are more empathetic then men. Significant research performed on the concept of women possessing a natural ability to be empathetic. When empathy is observed in the workplace or by a leader who has the upper hand men or women? Sex Differences. According to Goleman, men and women are compared in many ways (2012). He also goes on to describe the similar traits men and women poses and those traits cause behavioral characteristics. The results from test data gives a bell curve pattern when graphed and allows psychologist to review the similarities and differences between the sexes (Goleman, 2012). The idea behind specific sex abilities to be better at leadership based on their individ ual design would be acceptable. The idea that a specific sex is better just because they were born with female or male ingenuity is difficult to prove (Norwack, 2012). Data around empathy. Many studies are conducted and have been conducted by psychologist around the world with mixed feelings around which sex is better at a specific subtopic (Greenberg, 2005). Leadership uses many concepts and one concept in particular is empathy. Women in western culture tend to develop this naturally due to the way western culture influences women (Greenberg, 2005). Greenberg, goes on to describe the western woman as one of empathy and describes tests and experiences women have over men (2005). Profile of nonverbal sensitivity. At Harvard two professors tackled a challenge to solve the age old question are women more empathetic than men (Goleman, 2012) Professor Rosenthal and Judith Hall performed a verity of psychological test to measure the level of feelings. Nonverbal sensitivity to emotional reaction is the name of the test (Greenberg, 2005). Dr. Rosenthal film clips are filtered so that the person watching the emotional body language is seen and the words cannot be heard (Greenberg, 2005). Rosenthal and Hall found women performed better on average than men at guessing the people in the clips emotion (Greenberg, 2005). Micro-emotions. Greenberg states people leak small emotions called micro-emotions (2005). The emotions allow people to express body language and tone of voice in small increments to the receiver of the signal (Greenberg, 2005). People who work in law enforcement or interrogation tend to illustrate this ability so that they may sense if a person is truthful or lying (Greenberg, 2005). Sex differences tend not to portray a strong advantage in this category. Practice is a definite must to hone and build the skill to better understand situations around emotional intelligence (Greenberg, 2005). Empathetic accuracy. The ability to sense and understand people’s thoughts through their feelings is defined by Goleman as empathetic accuracy (2012). Goleman experimental methods assess empathic accuracy and illustrate emotional response by asking people to depict an emotion of someone they see (Goleman, 2012). Goleman conducted a range of test involving test subjects. The test subjects watched conversation and evaluated people and attempted to figure out their feelings (Goleman, 2012). Psychologist than compared the result against the emotional person’s own narrative. Goleman went on to describe women did not perform better than men in a series experiments (2012). There was no evidence of a female intuition advantage and Goleman goes on to associate that women have a distinct willingness to be empathetic. Greenberg describes women as wanting to be empathetic and men not so much (2005). Which sex is better with Emotional Intelligence? Based on the data above the so called sex difference toward empathy would argue that men are latent in their ability for empathy, but less motivated to be empathic (Greenberg, 2005). So much that men tend to see themselves in terms of a tough guy. Men have less motivation to seem sensitive in most cultures because that seen as a sign of weakness (Goleman, 2012). Why is Emotional Intelligence Important? When reading different articles about Emotional Intelligence the question purposed by people is â€Å"why is Emotional Intelligence important?† (Norwack, 2012). Emotional Intelligence is important element to build strong leadership (Norwack, 2012). The best way to explain Emotional Intelligence in general is through three premises (Norwack, 2012): 1.Emotions are important in both work and non-work interactions (Norwack, 2012). 2.There are individual differences in the capacity to perceive, understand, use, and manage emotions (Norwack, 2012). 3.Differences in Emotional Intelligence are important in some contexts and less important in others (Norwack, 2012). Norwack described Emotional Intelligence best as â€Å"the ability to perceive and express emotions, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion in self and others† (Norwack, 2012). As an effective leader knowing about employees will be the key to success towards employees respecting his or her leader. Conclusion Why is Emotional Intelligence so important? From a leadership standpoint Emotional Intelligence will support or determine a leader’s success (Dainton and Zelley, 2011). Emotional Intelligence in today’s business world demand leaders to be transformational to be successful in leading people (Norwack, 2012). Dainton and Zelley describe two types of leadership used in today’s business Transactional and Transformational (Dainton and Zelley, 2011). Transactional removes the care for people factor out of the equation and causes leaders only concern for results which, develops a lack of flexibility for employees (Dainton and Zelley, 2011). Transformational leadership allows leaders to use the tools to understand their emotions and how they affect the ability to lead effectively (Dainton and Zelley, 2011). Norwack points out three factors of emotion that must be understood and utilized with transformational leadership styles (Norwack, 2012). 1.Emotion Perception relates to awareness of others and their emotions (Norwack, 2012). 2.Emotion Understanding relates to the ability logically to label or empathize with others (Norwack, 2012). 3.Emotion Management controlling the emotional stress of a leader and others effectively (Norwack, 2012). Daniel Goleman describes all these factors in his book and teaches these concepts as a consultant. Large companies like Bowing, Raytheon, and IBM use these concepts to develop current and future leaders for their companies. Effective leadership is a must in today’s business world to thrive and succeed (Norwack, 2012). References Anonymous. (2008, February 04). Woman’s instinct is to nurture. Times – Picayune . Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/416185791?accountid=27203 Antonakis, J., Ashkanasy, N. M., & Dasborough, M. T. (2009). Does leadership need emotional intelligence?. The Leadership Quarterly, 247-261. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/science/article/pii/S1048984309000174 cognitive. (2002). In A Dictionary of Philosophy, Macmillan. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/login?url=http://www.credoreference.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/entry/macdphil/cognitive Dainton, M., & Zelley, E. D. (2011). Applying communication theory for professional life: A

Clinical updates about pneumonia patients - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1831 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Patient assignment: Briefly state your patient assignment: Pneumonia, 48, alcohol withdrawal, denied smoking and drug abuse Clearly indicate which ONE of your patients from above you will be discussing: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Clinical updates about pneumonia patients" essay for you Create order a) What is their admission diagnosis – briefly describe what brought patient to hospital and demonstrate your understanding of the diagnosis. Admitted to medicine / Surgical with Pneumonia. â€Å"Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs in one or both lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial pneumonia is the most common type in adults. Pneumonia causes inflammation in the air sacs inyours lungs, which are called alveoli. The alveoli filled with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breath† Pneumonia is not contagious but it is the germs called bacteria or viruses causes pneumonia. Pneumonia starts when you breathe the germs into yours lungs. You may get the disease after having a cold or the flu, that is hard for you to fight the infection so it easier to get pneumonia. For person with bacterial pneumonia will stop being contagious within 2 days of taking antibiotics. Complications such as bacteria in the bloodstream (bacteremia), difficulty breathing, fluid accumulation around the lungs (pleural effusion), and lung abscess are among the symptoms. Spread –depending on infections agents, usually, the organism spread from the person by contact with an infected persons mouth or when droplets become airborne from coughing and sneezing. Pneumonia affects the lung when germs that cause pneumonia reach your lungs air sacs (alveoli) become inflamed and fill up with fluid. This causes the symptoms of pneumonia such as cough, fever, chills; trouble breathing when you have pneumonia, oxygen may have trouble reaching your blood. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. The lungs are made up of small sacs called alveoli, which fill with air when a healthy person breathes. When an individual has pneumonia, the alveoli are filled with pus and fluid, which makes breathing painful and limits oxygen intake. Many different germs can cause pneumonia, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. b) What is current medical condition–Client presented of fever 38.5C once , dry cough , crackles adventitious sounds , shortness of breath, right chest pain ,X-RAY and CT SCAN done during admission , chest tube was inserted to right chest with local anesthesia   5 days ago   , scanty clear yellow fluid drained off connected to extension tube and water sealed drained system. Puncture site intact, no oozing, dressing with stat lock, gauze, prima pore. Client is in in contact /droplet precautions dueto gram positive bacteremia that invade his lungs that caused infections.   With IV fluids ongoing of   9 NS   with the rate of 125ml/hr on his   left   metacarpal dry and intact iv site c) Co-morbidities/past medical history – indicate knowledge of significant ones listed and implications for care. Client had a history of mild ETOH. d) Social history – where does patient come from (home, nursing home etc), and who is their support system? Client was at home when he   passed out. e) Cultural humility-how did you integrate the cultural practices of your patient? What other spiritual care did you provide? Client was polite and cooperative when I obtaining some information. Client taught not to say sorry, unless I did heavy mistakes. f) Priority nursing assessments- indicate your priority systems assessed –indicate findings and provide rationale for whether abnormal or normal. Crackles are discontinuous, explosive, popping sounds that originate within the airways.   They are heard when an obstructed airway suddenly opens and the pressures on either side of the obstruction suddenly equilibrates resulting in transient, distinct vibrations in the airway wall (Freifeld et al. 2011).   The dynamic airway obstruction can be caused by either accumulation of secretions within the airway lumen or by airway collapse caused by pressure from inflammation or edema in surrounding pulmonary tissue.   Crackles can be heard during inspiration when intrathoracic negative pressure results in opening of the airways or on expiration when thoracic positive pressure forces collapsed or blocked airways open.   Crackles are heard more commonly during inspiration than expiration (Dodek, et al.2004).   They are significant as they imply either accumulation of fluid secretions or exudate within airways or inflammation and edema in the pulmonary tissue. Priority nursing assessment: Breathing: W,G admitted to medicine with 1) Ineffective airway clearance related to excessive secretion secondary to infection. ncpnanda.com/priority-nursing-diagnosis-and-interventions-for-pneumoniacharacterized by mixed sputum of patients complaining of cough, productive cough such as sputum or dry cough secretions hard to get out, sputum scanty,colour   clear, thin consistency, Additional breath sounds (eg crackles during inspiration when intrathoracic negative pressure results in opening of the airways or expiration when thoracic positive pressure forces collapsed or blocked airways abnormal, heard most commonly on during inspiration than expiration, adventitious sounds rales and crackles). Rationale: Retained secretions can obstruct airways, leading to an impaired gas exchange (Mandell et al.2003). Though client denied that he is smoking, I want to include in the interventions of ineffective clearance todiscourage smoking that increase accumulation of mucusproduction and improve ciliary function as smoking is a contributing factor. 2)Acute pain related to inflammation of the lung parenchyma characterized by a patient complaining of chest pain, looks grimacing, checks vital signs: increased pulse (tachycardia) Rationale:   chest pain are usually present in some degree in pneumonia, can also arise complications such as pericarditis and endocarditis, changes in heart rate or BP indicates that the patient is experiencing pain, analgesics reduce the pain. Retained secretions can obstruct airways , leading to an impaired gas exchange that cause pain during inspiratory and expiratory breathing.allnurses.com †º Nursing Student †º Nursing Student Assistance 3) Ineffective breathing pattern related to excessive secretion secondary to infection. Characterized by the patient complained of difficulty breathing, looked tight, checks vital signs: respiration increases, afebrile 38.5C (Freifeld et al. 2011). Physical examination: the use of accessory muscles, bronchial breath sounds. Rationale: Inadequate primary defenses (decreased ciliary action, stasis of respiratory secretions).Inadequate secondary defenses (presence of existing infection, immunosuppression), chronic disease, malnutrition. 4) 6) Hyperthermia related to inflammation of the lung parenchyma. Characterized by the body heat, seemed to shiver, and checks vital signs: temperature increases 38.5C, increase PR. Rationale: showed an acute infectious disease process. Cardiovascular: Client has an elevated blood pressure 155/89, PR- 105/min Rationale: Bacterial pneumonia in adults carries an elevated risk for adverse cardiac events (such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and heart attacks) that contribute substantially to mortality (Mandell et al.2003). A study now demonstrates that Streptococcus pneumoniae, the bacterium responsible for most cases of bacterial pneumonia, can invade the heart and cause the death of heart muscle. g) Interventions required – Chest tube to drain off the fluids from the right chest, dressings on the puncture sites and I.V sites to prevent infection,   PPE contact/droplet   precautions to prevent spread of infection,IV antibiotics Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone   dressings, h) Lab Values –relate significant lab values to current diagnosis/medical condition and provide rationale as well as any significant concerns. a) Hgb- 95g/L LOW b) PT-17.0 ( 12.0-14.6)-HIGH c) INR-1.4 (0.9-1.1) H i) Diagnostics – incorporate knowledge of significant diagnostic findings to current diagnosis/medical condition. Pneumonia – conducted a physical exam, chest  x-ray, chest CT, chest ultrasound, and needle biopsy of the lung to help diagnose the condition. List all scheduled medications for this patient and relate to patients current condition or to a past medical history condition. Communication: a) Indicate any unique or special communication techniques for this patient. b) Describe patient teaching performed and patient/family response. c) Indicate any collaborated communication with health care team (daily rounds, physician etc) d) Describe your therapeutic relationship with this patient/family. e) What are the barriers to discharge and what is your role to ensure discharge process is By providing assurance and reorienting patient to a person , place and time. Through regular checks concerning pain and comfort level Through explicit explanation of procedures before they are done to enable patient take part in care. How did you integrate ethical practice into your care? I obtained informed consent for all assessments and interventions prior to doing them. I explained I was going to do a health assessment and that it would take 15 minutes. I also informed the pt afterwards of the findings. Caritas Processes: Which Caritas process did you integrate into your care? Focused on the Caritas Process #5 â€Å"Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive negative feelings. Provide an example of how you demonstrated ‘safe’ patient care? What unsafe situations did you observe and how did you restore a safe environment for the patient? Notified the co-assign when SaO2 was 95%, noticed the room was filled with furniture, unable to get crash cart to bedsidemoved unnecessary furniture to another room. Self-Reflection:  Ã‚   Reflect on your nursing practice progression. Progress of competencies and learning plan goals Met entry to practice competencies # 1, 4, 10, 11, 14, 15, 22, 31, 67, 99 Need to become faster with medication administration: will review common meds the night before clinical, flag my drug book, use my worksheet more appropriately. Describe how you have incorporated theory into your nursing practice (Knowing through Inquiry) What did you do well?   What is an area for improvement and how will you implement Strategies for this? I was able to conduct thorough research on any issue that I felt was important. I also found out that inquiring and consulting on technical issues. This enabled me assess my patients and give them the best care. When I was carryout out a test, I was able to see the progress of the patient (Mandell et al.2003). Another important thing in pneumonia is the coding guidelines. Although there exists different inclinations by clinicians on how to make a diagnosis on pneumonia, positive chest x-ray is the most preferred in regards to auditors like; Recovery Audit Contractors, Inspector General’s office coupled with other different auditors. More importantly, coders should be on the look out of the same in records and also they are required to ensure presence of a sign of fluids for the patient undergoing x-ray before the commencement of chest x-ray (Freifeld et al. 2011). Fluids therefore play an important role during the chest x-ray. Additionally, those responsible for coding should check documents for different signs and symptoms, which may include heart rate, respiratory rate and others. Emphasis should also be laid on the importance of filing records of diagnosis of pneumonia by clinicians especially anytime there is a session with the presiding physician. In conclusion, considerably, for pneumonia patients there should be prompt, suitable and wide-spectrum therapy in more satisfactory dosages to improve usefulness. On the other hand, empiric therapy includes antibiotics from a different category than which the patient is accustomed to in recent treatments. Therefore the beginning of this kind of therapy should given out intravenously and also it can be changed to oral therapy for patients who have responded well to it. Patients with initial-onset disease known to have no risks for multidrug-resilient pathogens are put under different empiric therapy drugs options. Multi-drug resistant pathogens may cause risk factors for pneumonia, denoted by antibiotic therapy which occurs the previous 90 days, hospitalization and also high occurrence of antibiotic resistance present in the community.