Rational Anarchism Essays - Anti-capitalism, Anti-fascism

Rational Anarchism The idea of rational anarchism is the idea that every human being is responsible for their actions. The one person who is doing the actions. The only one who can take the blame. This is an idea of a character in The Moon is a Harsh Mistress. He believes that no matter how it boils down, the person who the actions is responsible for what they did. There are some cases where I am for this idea and there are some cases were I am against it. I believe that people are responsible for their actions but not all of them. They may be responsible for their actions but it wasnt their choice to carry out the action. Ultimately, the responsibility is theirs. If you were a pilot that carried nukes and the army demanded you to drop the bomb on a defenseless village. If you had a family back home that was living off your pay check and you decided not to bomb the target, your whole family would have to pay for what you thought was the right thing to do. What would the right choice be? To let your family suffer because you thought is it was wrong to bomb a certain place? This is like making someone choose between one form of torture or another, it doesnt really matter which one you pick, you get hurt somehow in the end. Another example is when you dont know that what you doing is wrong. Say you grew up on a different planet were it was accepta ble to kill the weak people who had deformities. If you were to relocate to another place were it was wrong to kill the weak and you kill a person the first day you get there before you learn anything about any laws or anything. Would that person be responsible for their actions? He wouldnt the faintest idea of the laws in his new environment. It could have been just his natural instincts telling him to do what he does at home. I would think that was no one's fault. You could take this topic to an extreme and ask what if someone was hypnotized. If a person is hypnotized and he is told to kill someone, whos fault would that be? If a true rational anarchism were to look at a scenario like this, I think they would be puzzled at the problem that this creates. It could not be the mans fault, for he was hypnotized but he still did the action of killing. But the man who hypnotized him is partly to blame, because he hypnotized the man and commanded him to murder someone. Since the true rational anarchist says that you cant share or split blame, whose fault would it be and why? That is what puzzles me and leaves me partly in favor of this notion and partly against it. I guess that all people are responsible for their actions but sometime those actions can be influenced by other factors, like friends, family and bosses. This would be just like peer pressure: you dont want to but you are in a way forced to even if you dont relize it. If a boss asks you to work on the weekend, you may not want to but you know you will make a bad impression if you dont. this will very from friend to family but there will be some for of peer pressure to make you do something you didnt want to do. I do, on the other, hand believe in some parts of Rational anarchism. People are responsible for what they do. If I hit my brother, I would be responsible for what I did. I think there is another part of rational anarchism: for every action you carry out there will be a consequence. Using the example above, if I hit my brother, he will either hit me back or tell my mom and either way, I will be hurt or get in trouble. I think no matter what has been done, there will be consequences, no matter if the action is good or bad. If you do something good you will probably get something good,

Free Essays on Exposure

‘Exposure’ Exposure is the basic process through which a photograph is taken. It is the exposing the light sensitive film to light, therefor burning an image to be developed. The ability to create the perfect exposure, is the ability to control the light exposure to the film. How the photograph turns out is controlled by several factors, i.e., the intensity of the light; the sensitivity of the film; and the duration for which the film is exposed to the light. These factors all relate to each other, and thus determine if the film will be too bright, to dark, over or under-exposed. ISO(ASA) The first of these settings is ASA or ISO. This is the speed of the film and determines its sensitivity. For proper exposure, the ASA should always be set to the speed of the film that you are using, e.g., 400 (standard). ASA stands for American Standards Authority, and ISO stands for International Standards Organisation. These are the scales on which the films are graded. The highest grade on this scale is 3200, this being rarely used. The grain of the resulting image is effected by the ISO. It also greatly effects the contrast of the image. The lower the ISO, the more light required to correctly expose the film. Films with a high ISO can have a quicker shutter speed or a higher aperture because they require less light. Aperture. The aperture is another important factor of a correct exposure. It is controlled by a dial on the lens, and itself controls the amount of light let through by the lens. Similar to the iris of the human eye, the aperture opens and closes to correctly concentrate the light on the film. The scale aperture is measured on is F-stops. When the camera’s aperture is set at a high F-stop, less light is allowed into the film. This would be the correct procedure if the photograph was being taken in a bright environment. If there is little light, however, the aperture should be at a low setting so as to allow the... Free Essays on Exposure Free Essays on Exposure ‘Exposure’ Exposure is the basic process through which a photograph is taken. It is the exposing the light sensitive film to light, therefor burning an image to be developed. The ability to create the perfect exposure, is the ability to control the light exposure to the film. How the photograph turns out is controlled by several factors, i.e., the intensity of the light; the sensitivity of the film; and the duration for which the film is exposed to the light. These factors all relate to each other, and thus determine if the film will be too bright, to dark, over or under-exposed. ISO(ASA) The first of these settings is ASA or ISO. This is the speed of the film and determines its sensitivity. For proper exposure, the ASA should always be set to the speed of the film that you are using, e.g., 400 (standard). ASA stands for American Standards Authority, and ISO stands for International Standards Organisation. These are the scales on which the films are graded. The highest grade on this scale is 3200, this being rarely used. The grain of the resulting image is effected by the ISO. It also greatly effects the contrast of the image. The lower the ISO, the more light required to correctly expose the film. Films with a high ISO can have a quicker shutter speed or a higher aperture because they require less light. Aperture. The aperture is another important factor of a correct exposure. It is controlled by a dial on the lens, and itself controls the amount of light let through by the lens. Similar to the iris of the human eye, the aperture opens and closes to correctly concentrate the light on the film. The scale aperture is measured on is F-stops. When the camera’s aperture is set at a high F-stop, less light is allowed into the film. This would be the correct procedure if the photograph was being taken in a bright environment. If there is little light, however, the aperture should be at a low setting so as to allow the...

The quantitative questionnaire method versus the qualitative focus Essay

The quantitative questionnaire method versus the qualitative focus group method - Essay Example Within data collection, there are two different methods to ascertain information. These include the quantitative questionnaire method and the qualitative focus group method. Both of these aim to find out the pertinent details with the research that is being conducted yet these are inherently different in their intent and purpose. The reason for this is that one of these, i.e. questionnaire brings out just numbers and information while the focus group methodology aims to explore how and why these numbers or information sets have come up from and what are the exact reasons behind the very same. The manner in which questionnaires and focus groups are seen as significant have brought to the fore the importance of understanding how and where to employ them and what kind of research knowledge would be handy for making use of either of these methodologies. Without a doubt, both quantitative questionnaire method and the qualitative focus group methodology make use of the sample which remains an imperative tangent of any research, be it marketing or business. For the extent of this paper, focus would be on these two different tools, both of which come under different headings – quantitative and qualitative. The data collection remains an important part of any research which is being completed in order to satisfy a need or requirement. It is for this reason that data collection is given the significance as it studies how research will be used and what are the pros and cons to diversify the basis and extent of this research which has been employed. Since data collection always comes about when a sample has been chosen, it is necessary that the respondents are told exactly what their collection would do in order to bring about a research in the first place. If this research helps the business to grow as a whole, then there is no reason why this research should not be conducted. In fact recent research studies have depicted and highlighted the fact that data collecti on and indeed the selection of samples would make the entire research process a sure success, and there are reasons available to provide evidence for the same (Patzer 1996). One must understand that sample selection is always a random act and it should not be a forceful measure because there are certain sets of audiences which would not appreciate the idea of being researched upon and taken within the sample itself. Hence it is always a good exercise to think of the sample as being comprehensive and complete from all sides, without any bias or prejudices whatsoever. Data collection is therefore dependent on the sample selection measures which are deemed as important because this will bring in the much needed value and quality within the research process and also make it look more real and genuine. The research studies which are being conducted in this day and age are usually imaginary and depend a great deal on how people manage time constraints. If proper understanding and analysis regimes are followed, this research would bear fruit and make the whole exercise of conducting the said research an important one (Bryman 2001). A questionnaire is basically a research instrument which includes a series of questions in order to gather information from the prospective respondents. The questionnaires are usually designed for statistical analysis of the responses which have been envisaged. This form of data collection was invented by Sir Francis Galton. These questionnaires are comparatively different from the surveys as these are cheap in cost and hence do not require that much effort from the questioner when one compares these questionnaires with telephone surveys or even verbal ones. The respondents in essence have standardized responses/answers which are simple and easy to collect and combine data. For the sake of the users, this collection of data might just be very frustrating as the respondents have to read the questions and hence answer them accordingly. It ha s been noted

Warehousing and Inventory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Warehousing and Inventory Management - Essay Example A computerized management system is the best option. Any WMS must ensure an effective and efficient management of inventory. A WMS aims at controlling and storing of inventory in the warehouse. This process is closely linked to transactions such as putting away and picking, receiving and shipping. WMS also help in directing and optimizing inventory put-away based on real-time information concerning status of bin utilization. WMS usually make use of data capture facilities such as wireless LANs, RFID, mobile computers, and barcode readers. Data collection is followed by either batch synchronization or wireless transmission to a central database. This can then give useful reports about the status of inventory in the warehouse. WMSs aim at providing automated procedures of handling receipt and returns of inventory, modelling and managing logical representation of the warehouse, managing inventory within the store and enabling a seamless link to order processing. WMSs help in controlling the movement and storage of materials within a warehouse. They data-track inventory during production and interpret between existing ERP and WMS systems Warehouse management should be incorporated with the rest of the business to help in streamlining operations, reducing costs and speeding up order fulfilment. Setting up of a criterion to help in guiding the most efficient put away locations, bin quantities, and pick patterns is very vital in warehouse management. Any warehouse management practice should help in reducing bottlenecks and multiple handling. Materials handling information should be input directly from the warehouse to assist in reducing inefficiency and data handling redundancy (Frazelle, 2001). Pick and pack process in a warehouse should be automatically updated. This ensures accurate and timely fulfilling of orders and quickly responding to status inquiry. The warehouse management should decide on the sophistication level of their management system confidently. It should adapt to new volumes, technologies, products and processes with ease. It should also be at par with the growth of the business (Warman, 1971). Integration of other business operations such as manufacturing and order processing with warehouse helps in optimizing the layout, handling multiple orders, managing replenishment, and proper utilizing of space. The warehouse manager should incorporate various pick prioritization methods that include FIFO, FEFO and LILO into directed movement, pick and put away decisions (Frazelle, 2001). All credit or debit inventory records should be kept separate from sales, source documents and purchase receipts. This will help in maintaining accurate inventory records one when one needs to access records for display and testing among other operational needs. The warehouse manager should keep a visible inventory to help in increasing the efficiency and accuracy of management (Jenkins, 1968). To help in item tracking serial numbers should be used to help in determining where the products were bought, processed and sold. This will help in reducing waste and limiting carriage of expired stock via FEFO handling. Warehouse management

Cause and Effect;What would be the effects of dropping out of high Essay

Cause and Effect;What would be the effects of dropping out of high school - Essay Example High school dropouts will hardly provide any meaningful skills to the job market and therefore, not able to secure good jobs. This causes a sharp drop in living standards among high school dropouts. Lack of education means lack of skills needed by most employers if not all. This leaves high school dropouts with no choice than to do the unskilled jobs that are lowly paid. Whereas this is a loss to the employment sector, most of the loss occurs to the dropouts since they forego the gratification that comes with professional jobs. Such dropouts can hardly support their families with the little income they have. More notably, they are most likely to create a poor generation since their family foundations are already economically unstable. With the increasing problems associated with global economic crisis, high school dropouts are most likely to face overwhelming competition and difficult living conditions. US government has to make a huge budgetary allocation every year in aid for the poor families that cannot support themselves. A great number of high school dropouts add to this burden every year. This is because as they can hardly support themselves economically. Additionally, they nurture families that are not economically stable thereby adding more pressure to the already heavily burdened government spending. For instance, the government has to struggle raising funds to support a healthcare program for the poor even when the poor, such as high school dropouts, cannot afford to contribute financially to the program. Poor living conditions and lack of livelihood is a prerequisite to criminal activities. Criminal activities are most likely to be more prevalent among high school dropouts due to inability to generate enough income. High school dropouts hardly have any option apart from engaging in criminal activities due to the overwhelming competition in the modern society. More notably, high school dropouts are, most certainly, likely to associate with

Electronic business

Electronic business E-business (electronic business) can simply be described as a wider concept that embraces all aspects of the use of information technology in business. It doesnt just deal with buying and selling it also deals with the servicing customers and collaborating with business partners and with organisation. An example of is Amazon, they deal with the selling of books and music cds online. They act as the middlemen in between the publishers and the consumers. E-business is any business process that is empowered by an information system. E-business can be divided into three parts namely business to consumer, business to business and business to employee. Today, this is mostly done with Web-based technologies. Electronic business methods enables companies to link their internal and external processes more efficiently and flexibly, work more closely with suppliers and partners to better satisfy the needs and expectations of their customers. In practice, this involves the introduction of new re venue streams through the use of electronic commerce, the enhancement of relationships between clients and partners and improving efficiency from using knowledge management systems. E-business can be conducted over the public Internet, through internal intranets and over secure private extranets. E-business covers business processes along the whole value chain: electronic purchasing (e-procurement) and supply chain management, processing orders electronically, customer service and cooperation with business partners. This applies to traditional and virtual organisations. Special technical standards for e-business facilitate the exchange of data between companies. E-business software solutions allow the integration of intra and inter firm business processes. Applications can be divided into three categories: A) Internal business systems: Customer relationship management Internal transaction processing Human resources management Process control Employee information portals Workflow management Enterprise resource planning Knowledge management Document management systems B) Enterprise communication and collaboration Content management system E-mail Voice mail Discussion forums Chat systems Data conferencing Collaborative work systems C) Electronic commerce- Business-to-business electronic commerce or business-to-consumer electronic commerce Electronic funds transfer Supply chain management E-marketing Online transaction processing Scope of e-business applications These applications can be available to different kinds of users: All users of the internet Only the employees on the intranet A specified targeted group of users of an extranet (like customers, partners etc.) E-business offers the opportunity to rethink a whole range of assumptions about how businesses operate, how they relate to their customers and supplies, and their roles and position in the wider market place. The drivers for e-business can be divided into the follows: Opportunities and Threats. Opportunities E-business gives the opportunity to choose a business model. Some organisations such as prudential assurance with Egg and Co-operative Bank with smile have launched different internet businesses, and have taken the opportunity to establish a new brand which might be more representative of their business vision for the future of their business, that an old long-standing brands. E-commerce also gives the opportunity to define the relationship with customers. I.e. routine service transactions are under the customers control. The customer is encouraged to learn the script for example the process associated with placing an order. This learning increases the barriers to switching. Customer knowledge: This embeds the collection of data which give the organisation an upper hand over rivals for example my bank. My bank knows my by name and address which can help stop crime. Cost saving on transactions can be considerable because the customer takes responsibility for a large element of the service transaction. Access to global markets: This takes place mostly in niche markets; access to such global markets has provided welcome opportunities for small businesses and entering the global market is challenging. Threats Barrier of entry are minimal. It takes short period of time to implement web presence and thereby to launch a new business. Size doesnt matter and indeed small and medium sized companies may be more flexible and adaptable. Increase customer expectation about choice, especially in relation to wide product range, the opportunity to undertake comparison shopping, and 24-hour availability. Pressure on product margins. Markets that have pressure on product margins, additional pressure will arise from an additional channel of delivery. Virtual organisations (VO) This is a temporary network of independent companies- supplies, customers, even rivals- linked by information technology to share skills, costs, assets, ideas to create, distribute product and services with out being limited by traditional boundaries or locations and gaining access to one anothers markets. Virtual organisation has many locations and need to communicate between those locations, to share information and work collaboratively on that shared information to produce joint products and services, with the use of information systems. From my point of view virtual organisation can be described as A virtual organisation is an opportunity-pulled and opportunity defined integration of core competencies of different partners which is based on information systems. In a virtual organisation a single project can run across different partners on basis of computer support. In a virtual organisation experts can be accessed through the computer network. In a virtual organisation participants interact with each other as team members within computer supported collaborative work. In a virtual organisation, companies must be connected electronically so that people within an organisation can inter-operate and intra-operate across the electronic business environment, using common tools to navigate around the e-business environment and share information. Virtual organisation will have neither central office nor an organisation chart. This type of organisation will have no hierarchy and no vertical integration. The purpose of such an organisation is to or alliance is to command speed and flexible in order to: Break down market barriers to new products by rallying the required skills and expertise from groups, individuals, and even rivals from outside organisational boundaries. Gain access into new markets and technologies. For this type of organisation to exist they must have the following: Adaptability, flexibility and responsiveness to change requirements and conditions. Effectiveness. Empowerment of staff. Low level of bureaucracy. High infusion of IT to support business processes and knowledge workers. Stewardship of expertise, know-how and knowledge. Dispersion of components parts. The success factors for such organisations are: Shared risks. Mutual benefits. Trust. A shared vision. The goals of a virtual organisation are: Excellence: each partner brings its core competence. Utilization: resources of partners are utilized more profitably. Opportunism: market opportunity can be met better together than by each individual company. Any of these factors can change the opportunism that led to the formation of a virtual organisation may lead to its demise. The bad thing about this organisation is that when they is a conflict, misunderstandings or unforeseen event the organisation has few established procedures to deal with the negotiation and conflict resolution. In a virtual organisation a key component to have is a virtual team. A virtual team is an evolutionary form of network organisation enabled by advances in information and communication technology. The opportunistic nature of such alliances suggests that they will generally be short term and exist only until after their objective has been achieved. The five main attributes of a virtual organisation are alliance for a common goal, underlying information and communication technologies, vertical integration, globalization, and collaboration. The member companies may then disband and proceed to create new partnerships. In reality the permanence of alliances an d the way in which virtual organisations mutate will depend on the interdependencies between the member the members, and the extent to which original objectives evolves into new shared objectives. Organisations are driven to become VO due to different situation: Needs for process innovation companies are often motivated by competitive pressures, supply, demands and other factors to achieve increased productivity and quality. Sharing of core competencies- VO (virtual organisation) help address the voids in an organisation for example the starting up, turn over and retirements. Mobile workers- VO (virtual organisation) concepts can help the numerous companies employing mobile staff such as auditors, consultant and technicians. Cost reduction- improving efficiency often means reducing overhead, such as redistributing cost over several partners locations. Changes in employee values and attitudes toward work- quality of life are a major factor in keeping and employing staff. Costs and problems of traveling- VOs (virtual organisation) address transportation issues, such as unpredicted commuting time, traffic hassles, the cost of fuel and environmental impact of commuting. For an organisation to be able to implement VOs (virtual organisation) it will include: Telecommuting the partners employees work at a location away from the usual workplace such as at home or mobile locations. Tele-centres these satellite offices typically are located in communities outside of local area but provide space, equipments for employees commonly not available in telecommuting. Mobile working this refers to the working environment of mobile workers who are required to use technology such as mobile phones, e-mail wireless devices, pagers and laptops. Hot desking is when employees of an organisation temporary physical occupy a work station or surface in the organisation or a partners organisation. Hoteling employees of this organisation dont have traditional office space in a building but instead work from home or the road and reserve conference rooms or offices at a building, usually the companys headquarters, when they need to meet with clients, colleagues, or their departments. Virtual team is a group of employees that work in a Geographically Dispersed Team (GDT), space, and organisational boundaries with links strengthened by webs of communication technology i.e. e-mail, groupware or video conferencing. Technologies In E-business technology is any thing that facilitates and constrains the development of e-business. Most of the excitement around e-business is integrally associated with the potential of the internet, and more specifically the web. Whiles these technologies are important let us not forget that in e-business, especially in business-to-consumer applications, is concerned with allowing customers access through whichever channel they choose for example mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDA) with WAP display or public access kiosks i.e. in airports, railway stations, and shopping centres. So in other words customer will want to be able to access information in the move, as well as through fixed machines at home or at work. The only problems with this is that the products been viewed can not be touched, smelt, or seen like in a traditional shop. An advantage of these e-businesses is that a customer can go to a virtual mall and collect information on a product, compare prices with similar products and also check details of the product. The main technologies that I will be talking about will be: The internet. The World Wide Web. Intranet and Extranets. The term internet and World Wide Web are often used interchangeably. These two are not the same thing. The internet is a collection of interlinked computer networks or a network of networks while the World Wide Web comprises of those servers linked to the internet that use HTTP. The defining characteristic of the web is that websites or documents are linked to one another through hyperlinks which are embedded in the website. Users move from one site to another with the help of hyperlinks. Another concept that is often encountered in the internet world is that of the intranet. An intranet is an organisations internal communication system that uses internet technology. Intranet is a web browser and graphical user interface. While the internet offers access to its contents for almost any member of the public, intranet have strict access controls in form of passwords and firewalls. These security devices protect company web pages, document databases and other information from external access. These are useful for large companies operating from several places. Extranet is an extended intranet that gives access to users beyond the organisation such as customers, suppliers, collaborators and some times competitors. Extranet also have security devices that protect information from other internet users and define the level of access for approved users. The internet connects millions of computers and the rate of increase in use and the new subscriber are the growth day by day all over the world. This is why a lot of companies are very excited and invest a lot of money in the e-business area of there company. For companies the internet is the gateway to a huge market its just a matter of finding your niche. An example of a very success internet company that we all know is Amazon. Most companies find it important to have a presence online in form of a website, since the internet is becoming a cheaper way of promotion and visibility. For customer the internet is a gateway to information, commercial and government websites, software and document archives, and e-mail. The internet offers for both the customer and companies a rich seam of information and commercial transactions and commerce. Relationship between E-business, Virtual Organisation, and Technology. The relationship between e-business, virtual organisation and technology are that virtual organisation needs e-business and technology. In virtual organisation technology is important because virtual organisation needs these technologies such as the internet to form and re-form alliances and to create blurred boundaries of the organisation, break down barriers to entry and gain access to new markets. It also needs technology for security issues, compatibilities and interoperability, payment mechanism and mobile network channel capacity. It needs e-business because e-business embraces all aspects of information technology in business i.e. security issues related with data security and payment mechanisms, reducing costs, improved customer service and increased competitive edge. This includes buying and selling, collaborating with business partners and the integration across business processes and communication within the organisation. Technology has also helped the virtual organisation advance information and communications technologies. It has also have in flexibility, improved security, low costs, and improved resource utilization. Technology has helped communication to allow members separated by time and space and often culture, geography, history and future to engage in collaborative work. E-business technology is important because e-business needs technology to be able to embrace information technology for example without the internet e-business will not be able to care out tasks like buying and selling online, communicating with customers, companies being able to promote and be visible online. So without technology they will be no e-business. Virtual organisation can be related to e-business only if a company is involved in a temporary network of independent companies linked by information technology to share skills, costs and access to one anothers markets or to produce a product or service. Virtual Organisations and e-business are related to technology or work hand to hand because without them the relevant technologies would not have being created for example in e-business the online transaction processing would have being useless because they will be no need for online transaction without the introduction of e-business. In the case of virtual organisation technology has help make it work for example the internet has made it easy for a virtual organisation to form and re-form alliances and to create blurred boundaries of the organisation, break down barriers to entry and gain access to new markets. Technology has also helped virtual organisation advance information and communications technologies. It has also have in flexibility, improved security, low costs, and improved resource utilization. Technology has helped communication to allow members separated by time and space and often culture, geography, history and future to engage in collaborative work. Benefits of E-business are that it gives the opportunity to choose a business model, it redefines the business relationship, it introduces cost saving for the company i.e. advertising or overhead costs, it gives the company access to new global markets, the company gets introduced to E-commerce, it gives companies like banks Customer knowledge for instant knowing the customer by first name. Benefits of technology are better communication i.e. able to reach more people with the help of the internet, saves on over head costs, it introduces cheaper ways of promotion and been visible to the customers and potential customers, technology gives better storage methods i.e. banks storing information on the magnetic strip of a credit/debit card or super markets storing information on a bar code, it introduces better ways of communicating. Benefits of virtual Organisation are the partners share risks, share costs, it breaks down market barriers to new products by rallying the required skills and expertise from groups, individuals, and even rivals from outside organisational boundaries, it give the partners access into new markets, expertise and technologies, it introduces increased flexibility of organisations and finally it improves customer relations for the partners. Conclusion As discussed I believe that technology, virtual organisation and e-business work to complement each other. Technology is important for both e-business and virtual organisation because both need some sort of technology to be able to exist or work for example virtual organisation can not succeed without technology. It needs technology to set up a networks, communications, security and e-business cant exist without the help of technology because technology is needed to embrace information technology foe example support the internet, World Wide Web, electronic mail, groupware such as lotus and video conferencing. In terms of technology without e-business and virtual organisation the technologies will not be designed or created for example in e-business the online transaction processing would have being useless because they will be no need for online transaction without the introduction of e-business. Technology has also helped virtual organisation advance information and communications t echnologies. It has also have in flexibility, improved security, low costs, and improved resource utilization. Technologies has helped communication or have meetings to allow members separated by time and space and often culture, geography, history and future to engage in collaborative work.

The Rise & Fall of the Japanese Semiconductor Industry, 1970 †2000 Ess

The Rise & Fall of the Japanese Semiconductor Industry, 1970 – 2000 Summary: The semiconductor was the created with the innovation of transistor by Bell Corporation. The industry was driven by the of great US electronic giants such as general Electronic, Texas Instruments and others. These US giants conquered most of the world market sharers. However in the ever-changing world economy the market always moves here to there. Nothing was different in the case of semiconductor industry. With the span of time US gradually lost control of the semiconductor market shares and Japan captured the industry. Nevertheless, it was only a matter of period to misplace the market share of semiconductor business by Japan. The time frame of semiconductor business started immediately after WWII and running even now. In a way the changes took place and how the shape of distribution of market has been changed was grounded by all time great market and economic mechanisms. Some argues those government policies and economic mechanisms in an optimistic viewpoint some obviously in sees in pessimistic view. However, this is known to all that the policies that have been part of the cause have made those countries the world’s leader in electronic production as well as the economic super power of the planet. Although US is the originator and architect of the semiconductor technology, especially was outstanding in DRAM (Digital random Access Memory) assembly, US actually struggled to stay in the competition in long run because of the excellent Japanese policy about the foreign direct investment in Japan. Many may argue with various benefits of green field investment that it is good for the host country but Japan never encouraged Greenfield investment by US or by any other countries especially in semiconductor industry. Forget about the encouragement, Japan had a great barrier and restrictions on this semiconductor industry. The policy of Japanese government, Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), deliberately made US firms to go for joint adventure with the Japanese companies. Initially US firms were making profit but with the help of Japanese government policy Japanese firms took over 80% of global market share of chip making business especially semiconductor industry where US was the innovator of the DRAM. Afterward tremendous... ...gained DRAM market share in Japan. Even in 1988 Samsung never produced DRAM but in 1994 got more than 12 percent of market share lot ahead of Japanese giants like Mitsubishi or NEC. The investment on plants of digital chip making was lot higher by the Korean and Taiwanese company compared than Japanese or US. South Korean firms invested 55 percent of the revenue from the semiconductor revenue whereas Japanese did only 15 percent. The aggressive move from South Korea and Taiwan made them able to grasp the market share of Japan. Still now from 1991 Japan is losing its market share in semiconductor business. Also, The U.S. comeback in chips was due primarily to rapid growth in the market for microprocessors, the chips that act as the "brains" of personal computers. That market is dominated by Intel & Motorola. Intel's semiconductor sales increased from $1 billion in 1986 to about $4 billion in 1991, a gain that by itself is responsible for the U.S. share of the world market being about 5% higher than it otherwise would be. The Japanese attempt to develop its own microprocessor design standard – â€Å"TRON† failed in large part because there was no software to support it.

Company Law Tutorial

Company law tutorial question year 3 Semester1. 1. â€Å"Under the ordinary rules of law, a present company and a subsidiary company, even a 100 per cent subsidiary company, are distinct legal entities and in the absence of an agency contract between the two companies, one cannot be said to be the agent of the other. This seems to be clearly established by the rule in Salomon v. A. Salomon & Co. Ltd. † Critically discuss. 2. â€Å"The principle laid down in Foss v. Harbottle continues to create a significant obstacle to minority shareholder action. Discuss. 3. Layton Co. Ltd. , private company with Articles in the form of Table A, has in its memorandum, the following clauses: â€Å"The objects for which the company is established are: (i) to manufacture, process and distribute computer software and CD Roms; (ii) to purchase and hold property, to borrow or to lend money, and to dispose of funds or property owned by the company; and (iii) to do anything that is in the opinion of the directors necessary to make profits from the use of the assets of the company. † Geoff and Marcia, two of the directors of Layton Co.Ltd. , own approximately 20 percent of the shares in Layton Co. Ltd. Stacy, a director, unbeknown to the board of directors, purports to enter into a contract with High State Developers Ltd. , â€Å"on behalf of Layton Co. Ltd. ,† for the construction of a health spa for stressed executives. In order to secure machinery, Stacy writes to Health Fanatic Inc. , on Layton Co. Ltd. ‘s stationery, offering Health Fanatic Inc. the contract to provide technical training for any staff employed by the spa. Health Fanatic Inc. accepts the offer. Layton Co. Ltd. , now refuses to build he health spa due to a depression in the market and is consequently not in need of Health Fanatic Inc. ‘s services. Discuss. 4. Tamara and Kathy have been conducting business as artefact restorers for several years. In January, 1999, Tamara and Kathy d ecided to incorporate their business. In order to facilitate the building of the registered head office of the company, Tamara purchased land from her grandfather for$50,000. Meanwhile, Kathy executed a contract on behalf of Heritage Ltd. , engaging the services of Sherry, a geology expert, to carry out a geological survey.Sherry submitted a report headed â€Å"subject to confirmation† which stated that the land was suitable for building a multistoried complex and that there was evidence of mineral deposits. In June 2004, Heritage Ltd. was incorporated as a public company with Tamara, Kathy and Bill as its directors. Tamara promptly sold the parcel of land to Heritage Ltd. for $2. 2 million and submitted an invoice for $70,000 for services rendered prior to the incorporation of Heritage Ltd. In April 2005, Tamara, unbeknown to the board, enters into an agreement with Jump Up Inc. or the acquisition of a fleet of trucks. It is customary for Heritage Ltd. to lease trucks as acq uisition is extremely costly. Advise. The capital of Bush Tea Co. Ltd. consists of fully paid up ordinary and preference shares. The governing regulations of Bush Tea Co Ltd. provide as follows: â€Å"17(a) Preference shareholders shall receive a cumulative preference dividend of 5% half yearly; and (b)Two votes shall be attached to each preference share issued. † Due to an outbreak of the Pink Mealy bug disease, the production of bush tea has dramatically declined.The board of directors of Bush Tea Co. Ltd. proposes to alter clause 17(a) of the governing regulations to reduce the preference dividend from 5% to 2% and to move a resolution to increase the voting rights of ordinary shareholders. Advise the preference shareholders. 5. In 2001, Mr. Ingenious decided to build condominiums on a parcel of beach front property which he had purchased in 1996 for $40,000. On March 26th, 2001, Mr. Ingenious instructed Mr. Safe Guard, an attorney-at-law, to incorporate a company to be ca lled Beach Haven Ltd. to manage the condominiums. Immediately after leaving Mr.Safe Guard's office, Mr. Ingenious entered into an oral agreement on behalf of Beach Haven Ltd. with Fast Seal Cement Ltd. for the supply of building blocks for the construction of the condominiums. The company, Beach Haven Ltd. , was eventually incorporated, in January, 2002. Its board of directors consists of Mr. Ingenious, Mr. Deke, Ms. Peta-Gaye and Ms. Jayanti. At the directors' meeting of February, 2002, the board of directors resolved to purchase the beach front property from Mr. Ingenious for $1million. Unfortunately, due to a slump in the real estate market Beach Haven Ltd. s profits declined significantly. It has been discovered that, prior to incorporation, Mr. Ingenious contracted with Wire Steel Inc. , signing on behalf of Beach Haven Ltd. , for the supply of 12 tons of high-tension steel at a price well above the market price. Mr. Deke, in March, 2003, hired his girlfriend, as a consultant, for $10,000 per month without board approval. The cement blocks purportedly purchased on Beach Haven Ltd. ‘s behalf are discovered to be of inferior quality. Advise Beach Haven Ltd. 6. Sashawa Enterprises Ltd. (SE Ltd. ) is a public company incorporated in Jambah.The Articles of Association of SE Ltd. are in the form of Table A. The objects clause of the Memorandum of Association contain the following provisions: (a)To carry on the business of the manufacture of textiles and clothing apparel; (b)To borrow money; (c)To do all such things which in the opinion of the directors may be conveniently carried out by the company. In January, 2001, Michael and Midge, two directors of SE Ltd. , contracted with Caribbean Construction Ltd. to build a coffee shop on premises adjacent to the corporate headquarters of SE Ltd. To finance this project SE Ltd. orrowed $5 million from Careless Bank Ltd. This loan was approved quickly, since Careless Bank Ltd. was a long standing customer of SE Lt d. and Careless Bank Ltd. was satisfied of Caribbean Construction Ltd. ‘s credit worthiness. After the events of September 11th, 2001, the profits of SE Ltd. declined considerably. SE Ltd. is no longer interested in constructing the coffee shop and is refusing to pay both Caribbean Construction Ltd. and Careless Bank Ltd. Nevertheless SE Ltd. is desirous of donating $12 million dollars to the International War Relief Fund. Discuss.

Attending University Online, Part I Essays

Attending University Online, Part I Essays Attending University Online, Part I Essay Attending University Online, Part I Essay Who would have ever imagined when I was in my twenties and graduating from college that I would someday return to school – in my living room? I can’t believe the many advances we have made since the inception of the Internet and it would have been difficult to imagine all of the things that would materialize and become possible in light of the Internet’s existence. Being online has changed the way most of us operate day to day and I’m no exception. I am one of those people who actually work at home because of my relationship with the Internet. I was a business major who worked in a traditional corporate setting until I had my children. Then, finding it difficult to balance my family and my job, I began to look at job opportunities that were available online. I was lucky and found a virtual company that was looking for someone with my background. Working from home has allowed me the flexibility to be with my children and it has opened many doors to me in te rms of what I know to be available online – including online university degree programs. I had always wanted to go back to school but to be honest I could never imagine how I would make something like that work. I worked from home because the commute and the child care of working outside of the home didn’t make sense for our family and these issues still existed in terms of me going back to school. Because, however, I make my living online I was able to see firsthand the many opportunities that were available to me for going back to school. Attending university online would allow me to continue to be at home with my kids without having to change around our schedule and I could pursue the online MBA program, giving me the degree that I had wanted for some time.

More Devices More Problems Professor Ramos Blog

More Devices More Problems One day while we were visiting the local Carl’s Jr. my 5-year-old son and I were at the outdoor playground. He was having a blast going in and out of the bubble tubes and sliding down the slide, when about 10 minutes had past, he asked if he could use my phone because he was bored. I had told him to try using his imagination and pretend he was exploring a mystic cave or flying in an alien spacecraft. He responded back by telling me he did not know how to use his imagination. Have people ever thought that excessive screen time could be impairing their children? Could it be setting them up for a life of addiction to digital devices before they are even faced with peer pressure from their friends? Psychotherapist Amy Morin observes that â€Å"without adult, guidance most of our children will spend most of their waking hours behind a screen† (Morin 1). Introducing to children at an early age about time management with their screens, communication between parents, or guardia n to insure ground rules for limits on screen time are met and practiced, also setting up other activities for them to do while they are home will help their children avoid the negative effects of excessive screen time. There is much information about excessive screen time and the damaging effects to children’s health and well-being that it is hard to know what is correct and what is not. Before there where iPhones, Androids, tablets, and computers, there was the good old fashion boob tube, I remember being told by my parents â€Å"don’t sit to close or you will go blind† and â€Å" don’t watch too much TV or it will rot your brain.† There have been several screen time issues that have come up in today’s digital world such as addiction due to excessive screen use. What society needs to do is ask what is excessive, and how do people determine what is too much. Occupational therapist Krista Huerta says, â€Å"excessive is when it takes over the everyday activities that kids should be engaged in, like playing, talking with other kids, reading, coloring, spending time with family, playing on playground equipment† (Wegner 152). Excessive use of screens cou ld potentially lead to a multitude of health problems including but not limited to lack of social skills, â€Å"text neck† and addiction to screen devices. Trina Hinkley states in her research journal that, â€Å"social skills are intrinsic to children’s psychosocial well-being. Specifically, young children’s social skills are an important precursor in their development of school readiness.† (Hinkley 2). Orthopedic surgeon of 20 years Dr. Kamshad explains â€Å"while on handheld devices children stooped-shoulders, chin-forward posture known as â€Å"text neck,† can put up to 60 pounds of pressure on the spine, leading to chronic neck and lower back pain† (Kragen 1). Excessive screen time I believe is the leading problem to digital device addiction. Mariano Choliz list in his journal â€Å"Mobile Phone Addiction† that, â€Å"some of the most characteristics symptoms of dependence were the following: (a) excessive use: (b) problem with parents associated with excessive use: (c) interference with other school or personal activities: (d) gradual increase in mobile phone use to obtain the same level of satisfaction: e) emotional alterations when phone is impeded.† He also states that the uncontrolled, inappropriate or excessive use of screen devices can give rise to social, behavioral and affective problems† (Choliz 373). Coming up with a clear-cut solution might seem hopeless, but all is not lost. The America Academy of Pediatrics recommends ways to limiting screen time and creating a family media plan which is available on their web site (Children and Media Tips). Setting time limits is an excellent way to lower the amount of time your child will spend on their digital devices. Using a timer or an app that sets limits on screen time is a good choice. Martin Kutscher, MD writes in his book â€Å"Try to create a positive attitude towards the timer. It is not to be used for punishment; rather, to announce that it is time to move on to the next activity† (Kutscher and Rosin 41). Parents need to be a good role model for their children. Roberta Ashby, a pediatrician with Aurora Health Centers says â€Å"Parents who want to limit screen time need to remember that it’s important to model screen-free behavior themselves. As in most things with parenting, parents should lead by example† ( Wegner 152). Once these two key points are set, now it is time to introduce most importantly what I believe to be a solution worth trying. Dr. Amy Morin suggest â€Å"adding other activities into your child’s daily routine that involve the whole family such as reading books, coloring and playing board games, also encourage outdoor physical activities like going for short walks, playing tag, chores, and playing catch† (Morin 3). This will help enforce time away from screens and be beneficial for children physically and socially. Consider the benefits of limiting screen time through other activities that do not involve digital devices. Children have less chance of becoming addicted to their digital devices and are more likely to form good habits that will benefit them. Involving one’s shelf in their activities will form stronger bonds and that child will have a better relationship with their parents and their siblings. In Hatice Kara’s current study she finds that â€Å"screen free week resulted in families recognizing the importance of family-child interaction, that their children are happier when they spend time with them† (Kara 100). According to the negative hype surrounding digital devices â€Å"parents are panicked and wonder if they should pull the plug on their child’s devices† (Coghlan 27), but could completely limiting children from technology be damaging to their education? In â€Å"Digital Kids by Martin Kutscher, MD he agrees that â€Å"there are myriad of unbelievable benefits that we can derive from digital technology. It’s fun, provides limitless news, intellectual thought, art, entertainment, educational apps, and instant communication allowing people to work together around the globe† (Kutscher and Rosin 58). The use of digital devices has a vast amount of benefits that parents would not want their children to miss out on. Digital devices are the new learning tool and the more acquainted our children are with them the better off they will be. Inconclusion as stated in Hinkley’s journal â€Å"research has shown that parents are largely unconcerned about their children’s physical activity and screen time behaviors and report multiple reasons to maintain current behaviors† (Hinkley 9). For those parents who are concern and that are worried about their children’s digital device addiction, excessive scree time seems to be a hot topic amongst them. Parents are questioning about how much time should young children be aloud each day on their digital devices and what can be done as a parent to ensure that their child’s screen time does not have any damaging effects to their health? Limiting time that your child spends on their digital devices, ensure that parents are on the same page about being good role models, and most important implementing other activities that do not involve digital screens is a good start on the right path for happy, healthier children. Annotated Bibliography American Academy of Pediatrics. â€Å"Children and Media Tips from American Academy of Pediatrics† May 20, 2018. Accessed June 19, 2019 Chang, Fong-Ching, et al. â€Å"Computer/Mobile Device Screen Time of Children and Their Eye Care Behavior: The Roles of Risk Perception and Parenting.† Cyber Psychology, Behavior Social Networking, vol. 21, no. 3, Mar. 2018, pp. 179–186. This study compared the use of computer and mobile devices with eye care behavior of children and examined the roles of risk perception and parental practices. Studies have shown that excessive screen time has a negative impact on ocular health. Studies as such can be used to show that problems can arise with the over usage of screens in young children, which I will introduce in my proposal. This study was funded by a research grant from the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology. Dr. Fong-Ching Chang is from the Department of Health Promotion and Health Education which leave to believe that this a reliable source of information. Choliz, Mariano. â€Å"Mobile Phone Addiction: A Point of Issue.† Addiction, vol. 105, no. 2, Feb. 2010, pp. 373–374 Coghlan, Andy. â€Å"Can Too Much Screen Time Harm Children?† New Scientist, vol. 240, no. 3198, Oct. 2018, p. 27 Hinkley, Trina, et al. â€Å"Cross Sectional Associations of Screen Time and Outdoor Play with Social Skills in Preschool Children.† PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, Apr. 2018, pp. 1–15. Kara, Hatice Gà ¶zde Ertà ¼rk. â€Å"A Case Study on Reducing Children’s Screen Time: The Project of Screen Free Week.† World Journal of Education, vol. 8, no. 1, Jan. 2018, pp. 100–110. This was a case study aimed at reducing children’s screen time. The goal was to direct children to alternate activities within a week period by applying a week without digital screens. Alternative means to entertain children and ideas to evolve the development of family-child interaction is an essential part of my paper. Incorporating such ideas will help persuade the reader evaluate their decision on how to manage screen time. The was a peered reviewed journal article. Kamenetz, Anya. The Art of Screen Time: How Your Family Can Balance Digital Media and Real Life. Perseus Books Cambridge, MA, USA  ©2018. An evidence based, non-panic guide to the world of kids and their screens and what to do about it. The Author takes a refreshing practical look at the subject and has done hundreds of surveys of parents on their practices and ideas. Digital parenting and ways to go about it correctly is the meat and potatoes of my analysis. Negativities of my solutions will come from this parental guide such the do’s and the don’ts. Anya Kamenetz is an American author on several books about education and lead education blogger at NPR. Her alma mater was Yale college and she has several notable works including â€Å"The Test: Why Our Schools are Obsessed with Standardized Testing†. I believe that this author work is worth noting and a good source for my paper. Kragen, Pam. â€Å"Family Aims to End ‘Text Neck’ in Kids.† San Diego Union-Tribune, (CA), 20 Nov. 2015. Kutscher, Martin L., and Natalie Rosin. Digital Kids: How to Balance Screen Time, and Why It Matters. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2016. EBSCOhost. A parental guide for today’s families, that struggle with excessive digital media usage. This book contains handy information to help understand and prevent excessive internet use that negatively impacts family life, education, behavior and even physical health. Key ideas written will be integrated into my proposal to support my beliefs that screen time should be used in moderation, Martin L. Kutscher, MD take us into an age of digital families through his own experiences with keen analysis of neurological, psychological and educational research. Morin, Amy. â€Å"10 Strategies to Limit Your Teen’s Screen Time† January 06, 2019. verywellfamily.com/strategies-limit-your-teens-screen-time-2608915. Accessed June 19, 2019. Sharkins, Kimberly, et al. â€Å"Preschool Children’s Exposure to Media, Technology, and Screen Time: Perspectives of Caregivers from Three Early Childcare Settings.† Early Childhood Education Journal, vol. 44, no. 5, Sept. 2016, pp. 437–444. A look at young children being increasingly exposed to MeTS at home and in schools. This study viewed opinions of parents and teachers of preschool aged children from three diverse centers and examined Media technology and screen time usage across the varying centers and sociodemographic strata. Recommendations explored in this study will give me guidance in what to introduce as solutions in my paper by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of today’s technology. Kimberly Sharkins has a Ph. D. and is the Director of Early Learning at Montgomery Public School District. Her skills and expertise include professional development, early childhood education, and social emotional development. This study was posted as a scholarly journal convincing me that this a reliable source. Wegner, Amanda N. â€Å"Excessive: How Screen Time Can Impact a Child’s Development.† At the Lake, Summer 2018, p. 152.

Research design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Research design - Essay Example eralization, or the aptitude of the study to take a broad view of the results across the different situations, groups of people, or even experimental procedures. In other words, internal validity essentially says that the study is measuring what it actually sets out to examine, while external validity says how useful the answers are to more than just one sample, circumstances, or process. In designing a study, the aim is to achieve good internal and external validity. With regards to my research and Chapter 8 of Lee and Lings (2008), the research achieves both the internal and external validity. In terms of the internal validity, the study set out to highlight the past mistakes of the marketing strategies. This was comprehensively addressed thereby giving the research a substantial amount of internal validity. Another aim of the research was to suggest new ideas backed up by evidence for future marketing strategies. Again the research achieved this thereby lending credence to the fact that it achieved the internal validity a great deal. It The external validity also plays out significantly in this research. The data was primarily collected through questionnaires. The information was collected from a sample of people in Bangkok who visit fashion retail stores. The 364 participants targeted by the research are deemed very representative, therefore, giving it external validity. This comes about in the sense that the researcher is able to manipulate the findings in such away as to make them apply across the board. The respondents issued with the questionnaires represent the entire population and not just themselves. It is, therefore, very clear that this research shows both internal and external validity. This is what any effective research aims to achieve and this research is no exception. In the research design, therefore, the research is rich in both the internal validity, achieving its aims and external validity, applying to the entire universe of study. The

Crisis Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Crisis Management - Essay Example This leads us to the fourth important characteristic of a crisis, which is need of initiating a change. If there is no need of a change, it is possible to describe the event under consideration as an incident, or a failure, and not a crisis (Crandall, Parnell and Spillan, 2010). Crisis management differs from risk management. Risk management involves analyzing the potential threats, and finding out the best method of avoiding these threats. Crisis management involves analyzing the threats before their emergence, and also after they have emerged. Crisis management is a discipline, within a wider perspective of management (Blyth, 2009). It consists of techniques and skills that an individual needs to identify, understand, assess and cope up with serious managerial and organizational situations. The skills of crisis management should be put into use, from the time in which the crisis begins, to the time in which the recovery process ends. Identifying those threats is an essential process of crisis management (Crandall, Parnell and Spillan, 2010). It is the occurrence of these threats that the management of an organization will develop a series of plans and strategies to protect the business organization from collapsing or falling. For purposes of reducing uncertainties in the event of an occurrence of a cri sis, organizations normally develop a crisis management plan. A crisis management plan identifies the process which an organization will initiate for purposes of solving the problem under consideration. Crisis management has a direct relation with business. Most business organizations normally undergo a crisis in one form or another. A good example is in 1993 when Pepsi faced a crisis in its operations (Gilpin and Murphy, 2008). This is when syringes were found in the cans belonging to Pepsi. The organization advised the stores where these syringes were found to retain the cans, until an investigation was completed. It